Architecture in children’s shelters serves a purpose beyond building physical spaces; it is about creating refuges that nurture healing, protection, and growth. For vulnerable children, designing these environments plays a vital role in their emotional recovery. Every aspect—from natural lighting to room layout—works together to create a secure and welcoming atmosphere, supporting their physical well-being and psychological and social development.
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Faced with trauma, neglect, and difficult living conditions, well-designed architecture helps restore dignity to children by providing the stability they need after losing a safe home. In this context, the layout of spaces, careful choice of materials, and thoughtful design of indoor and outdoor areas are key to creating a welcoming environment. Bright, naturally lit, and well-ventilated spaces with soft colors help reduce anxiety and stress, while open, airy areas encourage freedom of movement and self-expression.
Around the world, many shelters have been built based on these principles, from iconic projects like Aldo van Eyck’s 1960s Amsterdam Orphanage to modern ones like the award-winning Girls’ Orphanage by ZAV Architects, built in Iran in 2014. These initiatives, whether public or private, aim to promote the common good through architecture, offering material support and emotional and psychological care.
These shelters are found worldwide, and regardless of their budget or location—whether in rural Africa or major European cities—they share a common goal: to offer a temporary home where children can heal, grow, and find hope for the future. These initiatives emphasize the role of humanitarian architecture, transforming spaces into powerful tools for social change and ensuring that vulnerable children can rewrite their stories in environments that promote dignity, protection, and overall development.
Check out the these 10 shelter projects for children in vulnerable situations around the world.
This article is part of the ArchDaily Topics: Designing for the Common Good. Every month we explore a topic in-depth through articles, interviews, news, and architecture projects. We invite you to learn more about our ArchDaily Topics. And, as always, at ArchDaily we welcome the contributions of our readers; if you want to submit an article or project, contact us.
In collaboration with to.org, Counterspace, led by Sumayya Vally, has revealed its latest project, “Regenerate Kakuma,” aimed at promoting holistic well-being in one of the world’s largest refugee settlements in Kakuma, Kenya. This regenerative wellness and fitness hub blends fitness, agriculture, and cultural spaces for over 285,000 refugees. The settlement, known as one of the largest globally, primarily hosts individuals from 19 countries, including South Sudan and Somalia.
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The project is inspired by the unique cultural tapestry of Kakuma’s diverse inhabitants. The settlement, whose name comes from the Swahili word for “nowhere,” has long been a symbol of resilience and survival amidst harsh conditions. Refugee populations are often at high risk for developing mental health conditions, with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affecting up to 47% of those displaced by conflict. Regenerate Kakuma aims to mitigate these effects by providing a space that nurtures creativity, movement, and emotional healing, helping residents cope with their traumatic experiences.
Kampala Kasubi Tombs. Image Courtesy of Creative Commons
At the heart of the design is a focus on combining cultural heritage with natural materials, ensuring the project respects the community’s identity while creating functional spaces for growth and interaction. Vally’s design draws on sacred and vernacular architecture from the regions where Kakuma’s people originated, including the rock-cut churches of Lalibela in Ethiopia and the Neolithic rock paintings of Laas Geel in Somaliland. These references are woven into the structure, creating a space that feels connected to the cultural roots of its inhabitants.
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The architectural concept integrates natural elements and local materials, with the building being constructed primarily from Turkana stone, known for its thermal properties that help regulate indoor temperatures. The building’s form is a stepped stone structure, featuring thick walls that rise in a gradient, allowing for natural light, ventilation, and movement throughout the space. The design emphasizes harmony with the surrounding landscape, ensuring the center is both visually striking and practical for the environment.
Courtyards and openings punctuate the building, providing areas for reflection and interaction, while a stepped roofline creates distinct functional zones, from meditation spaces to outdoor fitness areas. These design elements are intended to foster both individual well-being and social cohesion, offering spaces for calm reflection as well as physical activity.
The Regenerate Kakuma facility will house a gym and outdoor fitness spaces, vital for supporting the athletic talent emerging from the settlement. Kakuma has produced several international athletes, including middle-distance runner Perina Nakang and Dominic Lobalu, who competed in the 2024 Paris Olympics. The fitness center will offer a fully equipped gym and outdoor sports areas, including a basketball court, to nurture future talent and promote physical health.
Courtesy of Counterspace
In addition to fitness facilities, the project emphasizes mental well-being through a meditation hall and outdoor reflection spaces. These areas are designed to promote mindfulness and emotional recovery, key to addressing the trauma many refugees experience. Open courtyards allow for community gatherings, adding a social element to the peaceful environment.
A key component of the project is sustainability. In response to environmental degradation caused by climate change, the facility will include agroforestry and market gardens. These green spaces not only provide fresh produce but also serve as a form of education, teaching residents sustainable agriculture practices that help combat flooding, soil erosion, and pest issues.
Facade of Bet Abba Libanos Rock-Hewn Church. Image Courtesy of Creative Commons
Architects and urban planners have long played a crucial role in addressing humanitarian disasters, designing spaces that not only provide immediate relief but also foster long-term resilience and community rebuilding. In other similar news, Shigeru Ban Architects, in collaboration with Voluntary Architects’ Network, recently developed an improved version of the temporary housing developed to help those affected by the recent Turkey-Syria earthquake. Similarly, following the extreme floods that affected Pakistan in 2022, architect Yasmeen Lari the Heritage Foundation of Pakistan pledged to help build one million resilient houses in the country. Finally, The Türkiye Design Council (TDC) has gathered 13 design practices, including Foster + Partners and Bjarke Ingels Group, to contribute to the revitalization of the historic province of Hatay, an area severely damaged by the 7.8 magnitude earthquake in February this year.
Snøhetta has announced a project to rebuild the Refuge de Barroude, a mountain refuge located in a UNESCO World Heritage site in the Pyrenees Mountain range of France. The old building, destroyed in an accidental fire ten years ago, is set to be revived as a stop-off point for hikers on the Haute Route des Pyrénées and as a support center for the staff of the National Park. The next phase of the project is due to begin in 2025.
The new design aims to create a subtle addition to the grandiose mountainous landscape, respectful of the local fauna and flora and with a limited environmental footprint. This understated approach Is coupled with the intention of creating a safe space for hikers, and a subtle local landmark in the valley of Cirque de Barroude. The concept is centered around two words: Terrier, referencing integration, warmth, and security, and Cairn, symbolizing its role as a destination, but built from the natural elements of the mountains. The resulting architecture features a materiality of stone, wood, and aluminum, providing a soft contrast to its surrounding landscape.
Located on the site of the former refugee, an area outside of the protection zone for endemic flora and fauna, the new intervention takes advantage of the local topography. Its shape minimizes the need for extensive earthworks, while the compact structure limits the surfaces exposed to the elements. The dual orientation also encourages natural ventilation while protecting the outside spaces from prevailing winds. Additionally, the planted roof, following the lines of the landscape, protects the recycled aluminum envelope and helps the building blend into its surroundings.
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Functionally, the building is organized into two main areas, one open to the public, serving as the reception area, dining room, dormitories, and toiles, and a private section reserved for the refuge warden and staff. The layout is adapted to balance privacy and openness, transitioning from communal areas to protected dormitories. It features various types of accommodation, including dedicated winter dormitories, plus 8- and 6-person dormitories for hikers. Additional rooms are available for staff. The design fosters community, providing a friendly, light-filled environment with panoramic views.
The shelter features a structure of recycled wood and aluminum, promoting low-carbon materials and prefabrication to reduce installation impact and helicopter use. Minimal earthworks and concrete foundations allow the structure to ‘skim’ the ground, enabling reversibility and a shortened construction period. Local stone is used for the base, ensuring integration with the landscape and a reduced carbon footprint. The refuge’s design echoes the natural topography, with a planted roof enhancing the connection to the mountain environment.
In other similar news, Snøhetta, together with Alley Poyner Macchietto Architecture, has recently inaugurated the extension to the Joslyn Art Museum in Omaha, United States. The internationally recognized office has also recently opened the Čoarvemátta Cultural and Educational Hub, in collaboration with 70°N arkitektur and Joar Nango. The center offers community spaces, cultural facilities, and animal husbandry for the indigenous Sámi community.
As the former CEO of online art marketplace Artsy, Mike Steib spent years with virtually unfettered access to a dizzying array of creative talent. From little-known painters that went viral on the platform to more established names he stumbled across at art fairs, Steib and his wife, Kemp, have amassed a gallery-worthy trove of contemporary art. So when it came time to decorate their East Hampton home—a newly built 2,500-square-foot shingle-style residence—the couple wanted art to inform nearly all of their interior choices.
“For five years I worked with people who would flag me three or four times a week about an interesting artist or artwork that I just had to see,” says Steib, who ran the company from 2019 until this past June. The author, podcast host, and former Google executive began a new post this summer, as president and CEO of TV station group Tegna. “I was fortunate because it allowed me tremendous access to emerging artists that were prolific in just about every medium.” The eclectic spirit that fuels the couple’s art collecting also influences the interior scheme inside their five-bedroom house that boldly expresses their distinctive style.
The two vintage David Rattan chairs in the living room are from Harbinger LA. The chairs help frame Dusk Waves, a painting by Alec Egan. “We make [space] for art in every room of the house,” Mike Steib says. The club chair is from the Antique and Artisan Gallery with pink-raspberry fabric from Penny Morrison. The solid-oak coffee table is from Nickey Kehoe. The custom sofa is by J Edlin Interiors in a Wave Wave fabric by Fermoie. The custom drapes are also by J Edlin Interiors in a fabric by Schumacher. The table lamps with custom shades are from Laurin Copen Antiques.
Art: Alec Egan/Anat Ebgi, Los Angeles / New York
From the custom drapes and sofas in a living room infused with playful color and patterns to a curated mix of vintage furnishings in the dining room that coalesce around striking artworks, the home’s spatial plan finds harmony in vivid colors, organic textures, and simple forms. “I call it ‘hip traditional,’” says Kemp, a former finance executive who’s now CFO of the Second Shift, a members-only platform connecting professional women with businesses for project-based work. “We wanted a classic Hamptons vibe, but without being too stuffy,” she adds.
Kemp spearheaded the interior design with help from Sara Gilbane Interiors, a New York studio known for blending traditional style with a bohemian twist. The team collaborated on the couple’s Manhattan apartment and their aesthetic kinship emerges in room after room in the Hamptons home. Two vintage David Rattan chairs in the living room, for instance, help frame Dusk Waves, an oil on canvas work by Alec Egan, an LA-based artist noted for his figurative paintings of interior scenes. The club chair in the room in pink-raspberry fabric adds contrast to a space that includes a solid oak coffee table in a natural wax finish and a custom sofa in a textured pattern.
The Hudson Valley, with its many Frederic Church painting-worthy charms, was a longtime hideaway for Erin Appleton, her mother, Kathleen Casey, and their family. It’s where they would spend summers at Mohonk Mountain House, the Victorian-era resort nestled on the spellbinding Shawangunk Ridge. But after Appleton’s father passed away, the women felt it was time to put down new roots. With Appleton’s husband, three children, and two bunnies in tow, they set out to find a residence that ticked some slightly ambitious boxes: a place that would serve simultaneously as a weekend home for the young family and a more permanent base for Casey, who would spend most of her time there—all in close proximity to their beloved Mohonk Mountain resort.
What they soon found on their search bore particular appeal for the multigenerational crew: a historic 1890s carriage house with a persuasive layout. The upstairs had previously served as an apartment while the main level functioned as Airbnb rentals. Plus, there was a stable, replete with the original owner’s hidden stash of 180-proof apple brandy and cigarette-marked barn walls. “That was the biggest allure ever!” laughs Appleton. “We thought it was the coolest place we’d ever seen.” The carriage house required renovation before anyone could move in, and the stable had been notably neglected, but the family already had their designer in mind: Kristen Ekeland, of AD PRO Directory firm Studio Gild, with whom Appleton had been friends since their childhood together in Westchester, New York. (“Basically, they were like my second family,” says Ekeland of Appleton and Casey. “I [practically] lived in their house.”)
A nearby barn project by local architect Kurt Sutherland revealed his “great eye for retaining the bones of these historic homes but then modernizing it,” the designer says, making him their top choice for the refurbishment. With the house purchased in 2018 and structural changes completed just before the onset of the pandemic, mother, daughter, and designer began flexing their sourcing muscles in the local design scene. “So much of the furniture was sourced locally with artists they’d find at Field + Supply,” shares Ekeland. “Erin loves making friends and loves supporting local artists, so that became a big part of the design process. That’s also why it took a while from start to end, because it was a very organic process, and it was about finding the right thing for each space.”
Ekeland focused on making the home’s gathering areas equally inviting and functional. She expanded the original footprint of the kitchen, tackling two seemingly incongruent goals: avoid upper cabinets and keep as much of the kitchen’s inner workings concealed as possible. “Erin had seen what I had done in my kitchen, which I was renovating at the time, and needed the confidence to say, ‘We can do this without upper [cabinets],’” recalls the designer; in place of them, a “gallery moment” features framed watercolor and pencil drawings by artist Gabe Brown and picture lights instead of task lights.
On the 3rd of February, this year’s Lagos Biennial opened at the Tafawa Balewa Square, Lagos, an emblematic venue that was once the site of Nigerian independence celebrations in 1960. As the 4th edition of the art fair, it continues with its objective of using art to activate historic landmarks that have lost significance either through functional use or symbolic meaning to the residents of the former capital city.
The previous editions of the Biennial have explored various aspects of the city’s architecture, its symbolic significance, political implications, sovereignty, ownership, notions of belonging, and its relationship with the public. This year, the theme of “Refuge” at the Tafawa Balewa Square takes this exploration even further. Curators Kathryn Weir and Folakunle Oshun highlight that this theme prompts the square to address the concept of a nation-state. It also brings together artists and architects from different disciplines to explore alternative approaches to constructing renewable communities and promoting climate justice.
The Biennial showcases the works of 80 participants from 30 countries, who explore the theme through architectural pavilions, art installations, artist talks, film screenings, projections, and performances. As you enter, you are greeted by an installation of closed wooden doors created by the renowned artist, Demas Nwoko. These doors serve as an interface, inviting visitors to interact with enclosures as a form of refuge. They also raise questions about the democratic nature of the venue and its accessibility for the city’s residents. Many visitors expressed appreciation for the Lagos biennial being an opportunity to visit the square and admire its structure. The Biennial’s installations are spread throughout the concrete floor square and raked seats of the structure, encouraging visitors to freely explore and contemplate the underlying themes.
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Space: A Framework for Self-Identity
As one explores the square, one will encounter numerous architectural pavilions that delve into local materials and incorporate mixed-media installations exploring individual and communal identity. One notable pavilion is “Traces of Ecstasy,” curated by KJ Abudu and designed by Oswald Dennis. This modular structure consists of overlapping curvilinear enclosures that draw inspiration from the fractal geometries of African indigenous space-making. The enclosures are constructed using concrete bricks stacked transversely, resembling breeze blocks, and are covered with Adire fabric patterns to create a specific ambiance. The Pavilion serves as a framework for sound and video installations, live performances, and a digital browser network that delves into African history, freedom dreaming, and self-identity. Similar themes can be found in other installations within the square, such as the gridded structure of wooden cubes by Albanian architect Endri Marku, which evokes the imagery of a pixel grid and is titled “Wahala, Freedom, Quantum Leap“. This structure houses video exhibits that explore the body as an archive, critique public corruption, and delve into gender-queer experiences in Nigeria. These installations prompt a reflection on self-identity and the importance of embracing plurality as a form of refuge.
However, one particular structure takes a different approach to exploring self and collective identity. Titled “Taşlık Kahvesi” and created by French artist Deniz Bedir, it serves as both a resting space and a communal café, inviting the public, staff, and artists to serve themselves and others. This simple wooden structure features interior paintings depicting seascapes, creating the illusion of windows overlooking a static horizon. With mats on the floor, it fosters an atmosphere for informal exchanges, encounters, discussions, and people seeking solace in one another.
As the Global South teaches us that scarcity breeds innovation, the Lagos Biennial lends its voice through artistic installations that explore the socio-political nature of resources. In the square, renowned artist, Bruce Onobrakpaeya showcases giant outdoor sculptures made with recycled materials, capturing your attention with its collage of interesting shapes and designs. These materials include motherboards, computer parts, engines, automobile spare parts, iron, pipes, and stainless steel sourced from Popular Market spaces in Lagos. They make a compelling case for reuse, environmental protection, and sustainability.
Other installations that reflect the same message are “Human Hive 3” by Nigerian artist Chinenye Emelogu and “Yakachana” by Ghanaian artist Ibrahim Mahama. The former is a colorful sprawl of reused plastic rings used for packaging products, while the latter consists of interwoven old jute sacks that were originally used to transport cocoa, rice, and other food products. Mahama’s installation speaks to how foreign-made packages, like the jute sacks, carry various histories of countries in the global north and are used to package home-grown products, limiting certain economic infrastructures from developing and generating wealth for Ghana.
Furthermore, as the Biennial explores the redistributed resources between the global north and global south, it is important to distinguish between imported resources that hinder the growth of the local economy and those that contribute to circularity between both regions. An impactful installation called Re-(t)exHile showcases a textile architecture made of sewn pieces of multiple clothing hung on diverging wires to create an enclosure. The installation aims to address the problem of textile waste that travels from the Global North to the Global South disguised as second-hand clothing. It does so by buying them from markets in Lagos and re-exporting the installation to the Global North. While this installation critiques the durability of these clothes, it fails to understand the role that the global south plays in the circular economy of textiles and how the act of re-exporting is an antithesis to the resource needs of the region.
Various architectural and artistic installations within the Biennial explore the themes of religion and spirituality as a socio-cultural refuge. One particularly striking installation is the Miracle Central by artist Victor Ehikhamenor. It depicts a simple church structure with a facade covered in thousands of white handkerchiefs, which symbolize Pentecostal Christianity in the country. Inside, the installation further delves into spirituality with suspended elements commonly found in these churches and an evangelical sound installation. At the apse of the pavilion, an intricate work of rosaries sewn on lace fabric showcases human figures of a congregation and preacher, accompanied by the message “Expect a Miracle”. This structure explores the intersection of religion, politics, history, and expressions of belonging in the country.
Other installations in the biennial, such as Xtracenstral curated by Kukily Afrofeminist Arts Collective, Airi: Bone Altar by artist Yussef Agbo-Ola, and Omi Elu by French artist Tabita Rezaire, also explore spirituality by examining traditional religious practices. Similarly, all three installations use fabrics with motifs and dye patterns that represent spirits, ancestors, and environmental entities that human life depends on, within a metal frame to create enclosures. Collectively, these installations reference the complex relationship between people, traditional religions, and Africanized Christianity as a space for supernatural and transformative encounters.
The 4th Lagos Biennial showcased a diverse range of installations that explore various themes, such as self-identity, resource scarcity, spirituality, and the complex histories of Nigeria. Other thought-provoking installations, including “Levitate” by Iván Argote, “Disassembling the Cloud” by Data Centered Collective, “El Salto” by German artist Jimmie Durham, “Jimmie Durham, Island” by Brazilian artist Henrique Oliveira, and many others, challenge traditional narratives and invite viewers to imagine alternative ways of understanding their cultural and political position. By interrogating the Tafawa Balewa Square in Lagos, the biennial reflects the relationship between the city’s residents and the nation-state, providing a contemporary mirror that reflects the social, cultural, and political dynamics of Nigeria. Through its exploration of art, architecture, and diverse perspectives, the Lagos Biennial creates a space for critical dialogue and invites visitors to engage with pressing issues of our time.