Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) have announced plans to redevelop the 95th and 96th floors of the iconic 875 N. Michigan Avenue, formally named the John Hancock Center. The building, originally designed by SOM in 1967 and completed in 1970, is recognized as the world’s first mixed-use skyscraper, having become a recognizable feature of Chicago’s skyline. The redesign endeavor aims to reimagine the two floors, measuring 30,000 square feet, into an observation deck and an attractive destination in the city.
Completed in 1970, the John Hancock Center was once the tallest building in the world outside New York, standing 1,127 feet tall. Designed by architect Bruce Graham and engineer Fazlur Khan of Skidmore, Owings, & Merrill, it represents a landmark of the Chicago skyline alongside the Willis Tower and the Mies van der Rohe residences. This 100-story skyscraper was the first mixed-use high-rise, housing offices, restaurants, and around 700 condominiums.
Its innovative tubular structure addresses Chicago’s high winds, featuring external cross-bracing that enhances stability while maximizing interior space. The ground level includes an elliptical plaza with a waterfall and a lobby revamped in 1995. The 44th floor boasts America’s highest swimming pool. The 95th floor originally housed the John Hancock Observatory, offering expansive views from an open-air SkyWalk. The space has been vacant since September 2023.
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The current redevelopment project aims to reinvigorate the building’s allure and, by leveraging SOM’s original design ethos, elevate the status of both 875 N. Michigan Avenue and the Magnificent Mile. Through this thoughtful expansion, Magnicity, the developer behind the project, promises to create a distinctive space that enhances the cultural and architectural vibrancy of Chicago. The project developed by Magnicity and 360 CHICAGO is scheduled to reopen the two floors to the public in 2026.
The John Hancock Center was a revolutionary project, the world’s first tall, mixed-use tower that forever changed how we approach urban architecture. The experience at the top is extraordinary, with expansive views of Lake Michigan and the Magnificent Mile. It’s not just an observation point; it’s an opportunity to rethink its role as a premier destination in the city’s cultural and architectural narrative. – SOM Partner, Scott Duncan
This is not the first time that the internationally recognized architecture office has returned to one of its previous designs. Last year, SOM announced the completion of the restoration of New York’s Lever House, originally designed by SOM in 1982. The office has also recently revealed their design for a new campus for the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, as well as the breaking ground of the CIMC Global Headquarters in Shenzhen, China.
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) and GAD have been chosen to design the Hangzhou Science and Technology Innovation Central Business District (CBD) in Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province, China. Their proposal outlines a versatile regional hub that merges advanced transit systems with the traditional Jiangnan landscape, establishing a framework that promotes creativity and the growth of the tech sector.
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Covering 3.7 square kilometers, the CBD is a key part of the broader Hangzhou West Science and Technology Innovation Corridor. The design utilizes the West Station transportation network, enhancing accessibility both regionally and nationally. The CBD is positioned to play a vital role in advancing Hangzhou’s urban planning and aims to solidify its status as a global tech hub.
Situated near Hangzhou West Railway Station, the CBD extends along a cohesive urban axis. The integrated transport system, comprising railways and major roads, is designed to improve connectivity, reduce commuting time, and enhance the city’s overall competitiveness. The design integrates the Jiangnan landscape with a cutting-edge innovation district. A central green axis runs through the district, linking various U-shaped clusters designed to accommodate businesses at different growth stages, encouraging public interaction, visual interest, and flexibility for future technologies.
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Organized around five thematic areas—comprehensive services, future trends, fashion and health, high-quality production, and unicorn startups—the project encourages collaboration between industries and academia. The expansive green space, which accounts for 32 percent of the core area, enhances the overall quality of life for residents and workers. The plan also incorporates adaptable industrial clusters and flexible architectural designs that create interactive spaces for businesses and communities. The emphasis on ecological sustainability is evident in the design’s integration of green spaces, jogging paths, and cultural venues, all aimed at improving the quality of urban life.
This project forms part of Hangzhou’s broader strategy to develop a “world-class city axis” and is a crucial step in positioning the city as a global innovation leader. The master plan will soon be open to public consultation as Hangzhou continues its push towards becoming a leading hub for science and technology. Overall, this project is a key element in Hangzhou’s urban development, and aims to serve as a blueprint for future global tech hubs, combining innovation, sustainability, and community engagement to drive long-term growth.
In other similar news, Foster + Partners has just announced its upcoming appointment by Manchester United to lead the development of a masterplan for the Old Trafford Stadium District, focusing on club-owned land surrounding the current stadium. Similarly, C.F. Møller Architects has just been declared the winner of the urban competition to develop the Luna District in Södertälje, Sweden. Finally, MVRDV, in collaboration with JGE Architects, landscape architects Copley Wolff, and Langan Engineering, has developed a masterplan for the redevelopment of Faneuil Gardens, a public housing site in the Brighton neighborhood of Boston
The New Jersey Performing Arts Center (NJPAC) has announced a three-year redevelopment of its 2-acre downtown Newark campus. The project, designed by architectural firms Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), and Weiss/Manfredi, has recently broken ground and is scheduled for completion in the fall of 2027. It integrates 350 mixed-income residential units, retail spaces, and a dynamic education and community center, in addition to rehearsal spaces, a new headquarters for jazz public radio station WBGO, and various outdoor gathering areas.
The architectural plans for the redevelopment focus heavily on mixed-use functionality and cultural inclusivity. The residential component, known as ArtSide, will include 350 rental units, 20% of which will be affordable housing. Alongside these, there will be cultural spaces, shops, restaurants, and an extension of Mulberry Street. The Cooperman Family Arts Education and Community Center, a 58,000-square-foot building designed by Weiss/Manfredi, will serve as a hub for students, community members, and artists.
The architectural approach also includes preserving and enhancing existing structures. Newark’s OCA Architects will oversee the renovation of 31 Mulberry Street, a building recently acquired by NJPAC. This building will house additional community, educational, and office spaces, extending the cultural reach of the center. In addition, the project will improve the eastern façade of NJPAC and other critical infrastructure like interiors and loading docks. These updates are designed to work together with the new development and contribute to the area’s attractivity.
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The redevelopment is a collaborative effort supported by a range of public and private partners, including the New Jersey Economic Development Authority (NJEDA), Prudential Financial, Liberty Mutual, and Citi Community Capital. The design aims to reflect this commitment to community engagement, with plans for pedestrian-friendly pathways, outdoor performance spaces, and connections to the Newark Light Rail system.
In 1988, long before NJPAC opened, SOM created the original master plan for the campus and today is designing the residential components of the project. “NJPAC’s commitment to downtown Newark is central to its mission. Our original master plan for the campus intended it to be a hub of activity in the heart of the city that would bring new life to the surrounding neighborhoods. Now more than 35 years later, NJPAC and its partners are driving that vision forward. – Chris Cooper, SOM partner
In other similar news, construction photographs reveal how MAD Architect’s FENIX Museum of Migration is taking shape in Rotterdam, as the metallic ‘Tornado’ is assembled atop the historic warehouse. Similarly, Zaha Hadid Architects have revealed the construction progress at the Central Bank of Iraq Skyscraper in Baghdad, a project 12 years in the making.
On the morning of September 11, 2001, two hijacked commercial jetliners struck the Twin Towers in Lower Manhattan, a third plane struck the Pentagon, and a fourth crashed in rural Pennsylvania. A total of 2.977 people were killed in the terrorist attacks. In the face of this unprecedented loss, the city of New York promised to rebuild Lower Manhattan as a lively neighborhood while honoring and maintaining the memory of this day. Thus began one of the largest reconstruction projects in New York City, a process that is still ongoing now, 23 years after the tragedy.
The World Trade Center opened for business in April 1973. The original complex in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan comprised 7 buildings, with the most distinctive ones being the Twin Towers. At 1,254 feet (382m), the North Tower became the tallest building in the world, after the placement of a steel beam on its last floor. The complex was designed by Minoru Yamasaki as lead architect and Emery Roth & Sons as associate architects. The attacks in 2001 were not the first attempts, as in 1993, a terrorist truck bomb was set off in the public parking garage of the World Trade Center, killing six and damaging the infrastructure of the building at 3 World Trade Center.
After the events of 9/11, the Twin Towers were not the only structures affected, all seven buildings of the World Trade Center were completely destroyed, along with the PATH train station that brought millions of commuters to Lower Manhattan. It took 99 days to extinguish the fires at ground zero. By May 30th, 2002, every piece of remaining steel was removed from Ground Zero, a cleanup process that took 8 months of continuous labor. The reconstruction process could now begin.
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“Memory Foundations” Master Plan by Daniel Libeskind
By mid-2002, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation has launched an open-design study to explore possibilities for rebuilding the World Trade Center. The seven finalists presented their ideas publicly in December 2002, and Daniel Libeskind was announced the winner in the following months. His master plan, titled Memory Foundations, included a memorial and museum dedicated to the victims, and 6 new skyscrapers surrounding the site.
Competition model for the “Memory Foundations” Master Plan by Daniel Libeskind. Image Courtesy of SDL
The main challenge of the master plan was finding the balance between honoring the memory of the past tragedy and creating a dynamic neighborhood. As such, half of the 16-acre site was dedicated to public spaces, including the Memorial and Memorial Museum, with the remaining areas allocated for new high-rise developments.
“Reflecting Absence” Memorial Design by Michael Arad and Peter Walker
A second competition was held to develop the design of the memorial gardens. Out of the over 5,000 international entries, architect Michael Arad and landscape architect Peter Walker’s proposal was chosen in January 2004. This design comprises two large waterfall pools occupying the original footprints of the North and South Towers. Surrounding these pools are bronze parapets inscribed with the names of the 2,983 victims, categorized by their locations during the attacks. The design emphasizes “absence made visible,” with water cascading into central voids that can never be filled.
The Memorial Plaza, officially opened on September 11, 2011, also includes over 400 swamp white oak trees and the Survivor Tree, a Callery pear that endured the attacks and symbolizes resilience. Additionally, the 9/11 Memorial Glade, opened on May 30, 2019, in honor of those affected by post-attack toxins, features six stone monoliths incorporating remnant steel from the World Trade Center.
7 World Trade Center by David Childs of SOM
In May 2006, the first tower to be rebuilt was completed. Tower 7, or 7 World Trade Center, is the smallest of the new buildings proposed on site. Designed by David Childs ofSkidmore, Owings & Merrill, the 52-story tower replaces the original 42-story structure, which was destroyed during the attacks. The new building uses low-iron glass for high reflectivity and incorporates stainless steel spandrels across its glass facade. Situated on a reduced footprint to allow for a nearby park, the building revises its predecessor’s footprint to restore Greenwich Street.
November 2013 saw the completion of the second tower at Ground Zero: the 4 World Trade Center (4 WTC), also known as 150 Greenwich Street. Designed by Pritzker Prize Laureate Fumihiko Maki, the 978 feet tall (298 meters)-tall structure serves as the headquarters of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The building is replacing a 9-story structure destroyed during the September 11 attacks.
The museum is part of the “Reflecting Absence” Memorial, commissioned to architects Michael Arad and Peter Walker. Opened to the public on May 21, 2014, the 9/11 Memorial Museum offers a profound exploration of the 9/11 attacks and the 1993 bombing through its carefully designed architecture and exhibits. Entering through a Pavilion designed by Snøhetta, visitors descend into a space crafted by Davis Brody Bond, revealing remnants like the Survivors’ Stairs. The museum’s Foundation Hall features the Last Column and the slurry wall, symbols of resilience.
The museum’s exhibitions delve deeply into the attacks’ events and impacts. The main exhibition occupies the North and South Towers’ footprints and includes “In Memoriam” for victims. Two additional galleries host photography and rotating exhibitions. The design is consistent with the original master plan by Daniel Libeskind, which called for the memorial to be 30 feet (9.1 m) below street level in a plaza, but it was the only finalist to disregard Libeskind’s requirement that the buildings overhang the footprints of the Twin Towers.
November 3, 2014, marked the opening of One World Trade Center, also known as the Freedom Tower, which stands as the tallest building in the United States at 1,776 feet, a number chosen in reference to the year of the Declaration of Independence. Located on the northwest corner of the World Trade Center site, reclaimed from the Hudson River, the tower’s podium shares the same footprint dimensions as the original Twin Towers, at 204 feet by 204 feet. Above the podium, the tower transitions from a square base to an aerodynamic octagonal form, culminating in a stainless steel parapet. At its top, One World Observatory offers 360-degree views of Lower Manhattan, adding to the tower’s symbolic and functional significance.
The Oculus Transportation Hub by Santiago Calatrava
The Oculus, a transportation hub and shopping mall, opened on March 4, 2016, across the plaza from One World Trade Center. Designed by Santiago Calatrava, the Oculus began construction in 2004 and opened to the public in 2016. Designed as a freestanding structure on the southern edge of the “Wedge of Light” plaza, the Oculus connects urban spaces from City Hall Park to the gardens of the WTC Memorial and Battery Park. Its arched, elliptical form spans 350 feet in length and features upward-extending steel ribs, creating wing-like canopies that reach a height of 168 feet. These ribs, with glass in between, allow natural light to flood the space, symbolizing hope and vitality.
Also in 2016, Liberty Park, a 1-acre elevated public park, opened. Located above the World Trade Center’s Vehicular Security Center, the park is known as the location of St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church, which would be consecrated in 2022. The Koenig Sphere sculpture, which, despite being located in the plaza between the two towers, surprisingly survived the attack. In August 2017, the sculpture was returned and reinstalled in Liberty Park.
3 World Trade Center by Richard Stirk Harbour + Partners
Opened in June 2018, 3 World Trade Center rises to 1,079 feet (328m) as the second tallest building at the World Trade Center. Designed by architect Richard Rogers as part of Daniel Libeskind’s Master Plan, the tower is distinguished by its steel exterior and unique K-shaped bracing. The building provides 2.5 million square feet (46 450 sqm) of office space across 80 stories, in addition to outdoor terraces and retail spaces.
3 World Trade Center by Richard Stirk Harbour + Partners. Image Courtesy of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners
St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church by Santiago Calatrava
The St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church and National Shrine replaced the original church destroyed in the September 11 attacks. Designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava and administered by the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, the church was scheduled to open in 2016, but financial issues delayed the opening. The church fully opened in December 2022.
The Perelman Performing Arts Center, known as PAC NYC, is a multi-space venue located at the northeast corner of the World Trade Center complex in Manhattan. Named after billionaire Ronald Perelman, who donated $75 million for its construction, the center spans approximately 90,000 square feet across three floors. Initially announced by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation in 2004 as part of the post-9/11 World Trade Center redevelopment, the project faced delays and design changes. Construction began below ground in 2017, with the above-ground structure completed in 2020. The center opened on September 13, 2023.
2 World Trade Center by Foster + Partners (under construction)
The new design for Foster + Partners’ Two World Trade Center tower builds in the footprint of its original design, but has scrapped a fractal diamond crown for staggered volumes and green roofs. The tallest roof will reach about 1,350 feet. Image Courtesy of Visualhouse
World Trade Center 2 (2 WTC), also known as 200 Greenwich Street, is a planned skyscraper at the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Manhattan, intended to replace the original 2 WTC. Designed by British architect Norman Foster, the new 82-story building will stand 1,345 feet tall, similar to the original South Tower’s height. Foundation work was completed in 2013, but construction has not yet begun. The design features retail space, trading floors, and office areas, with a distinctive diamond-shaped roof.
The new design for Foster + Partners’ Two World Trade Center tower builds in the footprint of its original design, but has scrapped a fractal diamond crown for staggered volumes and green roofs. The tallest roof will reach about 1,350 feet. Image Courtesy of Visualhouse
On June 9, 2015, Wired reported that Bjarke Ingels of Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) was redesigning Two World Trade Center after requests from developer Silverstein Properties. In January 2020, Norman Foster was brought back to update his original design, blending both architects’ visions.
5 World Trade Center by KPF (under construction)
5 World Trade Center (5 WTC), located at 130 Liberty Street in Lower Manhattan, is a planned skyscraper developed by Silverstein Properties and Brookfield Properties. This new 910-foot-tall mixed-use tower will consist of 1.2 million square feet of residential space across 69 floors, with 360 units designated as permanent affordable housing. The base will feature retail, public amenities, and office space. Construction is set to begin in 2024, with completion expected by 2029. Originally planned as an office tower, it now offers rental units, and has amenities organized into vertical neighborhoods. A pedestrian bridge links it to Liberty Park, according to KPF.
Proposed design for 5 World Trade Center by KPF.. Image Courtesy of KPF, under Fair Use policy
Modern airports have increasingly become symbols of architectural innovation, moving beyond their primary function as transportation hubs to become significant landmarks. A prominent trend in contemporary airport design is the use of curved forms to create fluid, dynamic spaces that enhance both functionality and visual impact. These curves, made possible by advancements in construction technology, allow for more flexible and expansive interiors, as well as designs that can better integrate with natural landscapes and improve passenger circulation and experience.
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Examples of this approach include Jewel Changi Airport in Singapore, Beijing Daxing International Airport, Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport’s Terminal 2 in Mumbai, and Hulunbuir Hailar Airport in Inner Mongolia. Each of these projects employs curvature not only for aesthetic purposes but also to address significant structural challenges. Curved forms in these airports, such as the toroidal dome at Jewel Changi and the radial design at Beijing Daxing, efficiently distribute loads across large spans, minimizing the need for internal support. This approach allows for expansive, open public spaces that are crucial in airport terminals. The use of reticulated structures, where these curves are often implemented, further enhances efficiency by reducing material usage while maintaining structural integrity. These airports illustrate how curved design can be both a functional and visually cohesive solution in meeting the demands of modern air travel.
Read on to discover four distinct international airports in South and East Asia that use curves to shape its spaces.
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Singapore
Courtesy of Jewel Changi Airport / Safdie Architects
Jewel Changi Airport by Safdie Architects, the winner of ArchDaily’s Building of the Year 2020, utilizes a curved toroidal dome to create an open and fluid space that integrates nature with the built environment. The curvature of the roof allows for a largely column-free interior, enhancing the continuity of the space as visitors move through the indoor gardens and retail areas. This design approach helps guide the flow of movement, aligning with the airport’s role as both a transportation hub and a public space.
Beijing Daxing International Airport, designed by Zaha Hadid Architects, uses curvature extensively in its design to shape both the structure and the passenger experience. The terminal’s compact, radial layout features six flowing forms within the vaulted roof that reach down to the ground, creating a seamless connection between the building and its foundation. These curves not only support the structure but also bring in natural light, guiding passengers intuitively toward the central courtyard. The curved design minimizes walking distances, enhancing efficiency while providing a visually cohesive and fluid environment that reflects traditional Chinese architectural principles.
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport’s Terminal 2, designed by SOM, employs curvature to create a welcoming and culturally resonant space. The terminal’s design draws inspiration from traditional Indian pavilions, with a grand roof supported by multi-story, mushrooming columns that evoke the airy, open structures of regional architecture. These curved elements not only provide structural support but also allow natural light to permeate the space, enhancing the sense of warmth and openness. The sweeping forms help guide passengers intuitively through the terminal, while culturally inspired details ground the design in the local context, making the airport both functional and symbolic as a gateway to India.
Hulunbuir Hailar Airport’s T2 Terminal, designed by United Design U10 Atelier, utilizes curvature to reflect the natural and cultural landscape of Inner Mongolia. The terminal’s curved roof, inspired by the shapes of clouds and herds typical of the region, creates a fluid and rhythmic form that integrates the building with its surroundings. The roof’s bi-directional single-layer reticulated shell structure eliminates the boundary between vertical and horizontal surfaces, forming a continuous, Mongolian-yurt-like space. This use of curvature not only enhances the visual connection to the local environment but also unifies the old and new terminals, creating a cohesive architectural experience.
This article is part of an ArchDaily curated series that focuses on built projects from our own database grouped under specific themes related to cities, typologies, materials, or programs. Every month, we will highlight a collection of structures that find a common thread between previously uncommon contexts, unpacking the depths of influence on our built environments. As always, at ArchDaily, we highly appreciate the input of our readers. If you think we should mention specific ideas, please submit your suggestions.
The City of Chicago has just unveiled the design for the first phase of the transformation of O’Hare International Airport. Designed by Skidmore, Ownings & Merrill (SOM), the terminal represents the largest concourse area expansion and revitalization in the airport’s 68-year history. Designed in collaboration with Ross Barney Architects, Juan Gabriel Moreno Architects, and Arup, “Satellite One” seeks to become a landmark in the state.
Aiming to “create a frictionless experience for travelers,” “Satellite One” accommodates various aircraft types, enhancing operational efficiency at one of the nation’s busiest airports. Initially selected in 2019 to design the airport’s two satellite terminals through an international competition, the terminal is only the first new building in the ambitious Terminal Area Program.
Courtesy of SOM & Norviska
The design is tuned to the Midwest climate, finding efficiencies that prioritize well-being while improving environmental performance. The branching structural system reduces the building’s embodied carbon, while the curved roof minimizes heating and cooling needs. Throughout the year, daylit waiting rooms are provided by central skylights, while parts that overhang strategically give shade during periods of high sun.
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Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are further decreased by high-performance mechanical and electrical systems. Passengers will arrive in an atrium via a connection from the current Concourse C, where they can unwind in a garden-like environment lit up by daylight from an oculus skylight above. This natural palette is extended throughout the interior using carefully chosen materials that provide warmth and sound absorption.
Furthermore, this tree-like structure “eliminates almost half the columns at the gates,” easing traffic in the terminal so that people can have better visibility and experiences. Aiming to enhance the experience of air travel, the column-free structure also boasts simple navigation and wayfinding, high ceilings for better air circulation, and daylighting strategies to help align the body’s natural rhythms.
Courtesy of SOM & Norviska
In similar news featuring airport architecture, architects BIG and A+Architecture have revealed the design for the Marengo Multimodal Transport Hub in Toulouse, France. Similarly, MAD Architects has just unveiled the design for Lishui Airport in China, echoing the “forest city” green landscapes and valleys found in the Southwest Zhejiang Province. In Florence, Italy, Rafael Viñoly Architects has recently released new renderings of the new international terminal at Aeroporto Amerigo Vespucci, planning to welcome over 5.9 million passengers a year.
Delving into the realm of unbuilt architectural projects by renowned offices offers a peak into the design principles and ethos of the studios. The curated list of unbuilt projects submitted by established architecture practices has the potential to reveal new perspectives on the socio-cultural and environmental factors shaping contemporary architecture. These designs often respond to complex challenges such as sustainability, urbanization, and cultural preservation, reflecting architects’ efforts to navigate and contribute meaningfully to the built environment.
Within this curated selection, one standout project is Rafael Viñoly Architects’ Médano El Pinar, marking the late architect’s last contribution to the architectural landscape. Other projects such as Aedas’ Ellinikon Commercial Hub explore the opportunities of new developments, such as the disused airport transformed into Europe’s largest coastal park in the periphery of Athens, while others are highlighting natural landscapes or offering spaces for creative and innovative programs. Featuring internationally recognized offices like SOM, Kohn Pedersen Fox, Gensler, or GAD Architecture, the selection showcases the unrealized concepts and architectural experimentations of renowned offices.
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Read on to discover the 10 unbuilt projects by internationally recognized offices, along with descriptions provided by the architects.
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Médano El Pinar
Rafael Viñoly Architects
Médano El Pinar / Rafael Viñoly Architects. Image Courtesy of Rafael Viñoly Architects
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Rafael Viñoly Architects is unveiling its design on Médano El Pinar, an innovative, sustainable, multi-family luxury residential development located 15 minutes outside Montevideo, Uruguay. Médano El Pinar is the last project to be designed by the late renowned architect Rafael Viñoly. Médano El Pinar will be nestled behind the dunes of a unique oceanfront location and will feature approximately 120 beach-front units with 1 to 5 bedrooms arranged along the building’s 425-meter length in a terraced, non-overlapping configuration, making each unit feel more like a free-standing house than an apartment. Médano El Pinar will be a Mass Timber structure locally sourced and engineered with a minimal carbon footprint attributable to transportation.
Architect Amelia Tavella wins the design competition for the demolition, rehabilitation, and extension of the unique thermal Spa in the Mediterranean. Aware of the challenges and eager to realize its ambitions, the City of Balaruc-les-Bains, France, initiated a reflection on the rejuvenation of the O’Balia thermal spa, incorporated within the broader redevelopment project of the Hespérides site. The architect chose to direct attention towards the Thau lagoon and orchestrate a meeting between geology and genealogy. Numerous traces bear witness to Balaruc’s Roman origins: archaeological remains, ancient buried baths, mosaics, and busts of statues.
Situated at the Eastern edge of the Ellinikon District, The MIPIM award-winning Ellinikon Commercial Hub is located in a prime location in Athens. Transformed from the former Athens International Airport, the hub is slated to become a contemporary mini-city comprising the new state-of-the-art commercial, leisure, and business destination that will extend to more than 185,000 sq m on Vouliagmenis Avenue. The Commercial Hub consists of the largest mall in Greece, a next-generation retail park with big-box stores. Right next to it, an iconic mixed-use tower houses a hotel and apartments. It is a pioneering ecosystem that introduces a new lifestyle philosophy in shopping and entertainment.
Nordic Office of Architecture and ALA Architects partnered for “Nina”, a proposal for Bergen’s new music theatre. Aiming to complement the existing Grieg Hall, the proposal offers a building sunk deep into the landscape, with a welcoming entrance pavilion. This design frees up public space and creates a vibrant cultural hub with indoor and outdoor performance areas. “Nina” was shortlisted in the design competition alongside proposals by Snøhetta, Henning Larsen, Zaha Hadid, and Kengo Kuma.
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) brings their renowned global talent and expertise to Miami’s Brickell neighborhood for its premier high-rise office and retail project, 848 Brickell. Designed to reflect the city’s culture and environment, the building is informed by the surrounding climate and driven by a vision for an innovative, resilient workplace with best-in-class amenities. Rising above Biscayne Bay and situated directly on the famed Brickell Avenue, 848 Brickell was conceptualized to capture the growing market for high-end office space in Miami with its expressive structure and wellness-focused programming.
Ring of Bjólfur is a ring-shaped viewing platform in the slopes of Mount Bjólfur, 650m over sea level. The platform overlooks Seydisfjordur, a narrow fjord with steep mountains in East Iceland. The simple concrete structure sits on top of the rugged landscape and hovers over the edge offering a spectacular view over the fjord and to the Atlantic Ocean. The ring has a diameter of 32 meters, with a walkway and bench spanning the entire 100m circumference. The slightly sloping ring structure is wheelchair accessible.
Biomedical Research Building, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF) is pleased to unveil New York City’s first purpose-built, all-electric academic research lab building, designed for Columbia University’s Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons. The new eight-story building will house biomedical research and lab facilities as well as symposium and community engagement spaces. Designed to use significantly less energy than similar buildings of its kind, the new biomedical building will outperform emission limits set by New York City’s Local Law 97 and support Columbia University’s Plan 2030 greenhouse gas reduction goals. The new building will connect to the Columbia University School of Nursing and Russ Berrie Medical Science Pavilion, creating a unified academic and research facility.
Public Realm Vision for Fleet Street Quarter, London
Gensler was appointed by Fleet Street Quarter BID to develop a new public realm vision for this dynamic part of the City. The proposed strategy was unveiled today and has the potential to be the most extensive transformation in the City of London in 150 years. Gensler has been working closely with Fleet Street Quarter BID, the City of London and key stakeholders and businesses to define a vision to create a sustainable future for an essential part of London’s Central Business District. The Fleet Street Quarter Era of Change Strategy proposes a revitalization of the area which will drive local business growth and see the creation of a new community of workers, visitors, and residents.
Rinkkaai is an urban housing development next to Ghent’s central train station, set within a kilometer-long park-like setting created from a former industrial site—which is also connected to a nearby recreation area by a playful new bridge, that spans the river Leie. The project is a result of a winning competition, and a nearly decade-long international collaboration between KCAP, architects firms evr-architects and OM/AR, and the landscape designers Omgeving and Fris in Landschap. It is set to enliven and rejuvenate this former brownfield site in the city, while also ‘completing’ the far western edge of one of Ghent’s neighborhoods, named Stationbuurt Noord. The development of this area of the city is part of a larger master plan for the station area of the city, which has been under development since the late 1990s.
GAD Architecture’s Polat Levent Exclusive is a landmark of Istanbul’s architectural evolution. Situated in Levent, a vibrant urban center, this project harmoniously melds historical context with modern innovation. From a remote, forested area, Levent has evolved into a bustling metropolitan hub, with the Polat Levent Exclusive marking a significant milestone in this transformation. The collaboration between GAD and Polat Gayrimenkul symbolizes architectural progress, catering to Istanbul’s diverse and growing needs while respecting its rich historical and environmental heritage.
HOW TO SUBMIT AN UNBUILT PROJECT
We highly appreciate the input from our readers and are always happy to see more projects designed by them. If you have an Unbuilt project to submit, click here and follow the guidelines. Our curators will review your submission and get back to you in case it is selected for a feature.
Architect: SOM Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts Completion Date: 2024
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) boasts an enviable history of innovation in glass curtain walls. From New York’s Lever House to Chicago’s Inland Steel Building to San Francisco’s One Bush Street, SOM has been at the forefront of American curtain wall technology for generations. Its latest iteration of this building form is the Schwarzman College of Computing, the newest addition to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) campus.
“This building is very much in the tradition of our history in curtain walls,” said Colin Koop, a design partner at SOM who oversaw the building’s design. “It took incredible effort to make it look effortless.”
Interstitial spaces create dynamic nooks in between facades. (Dave Burk)
The facade, double-glazed for temperature control, is a stunner. The exterior elements are a series of independent glass “shingles.” Each is roughly 10 feet wide by 13 feet tall, and they subtly overlap. “They’re canted both vertically and in plan,” Koop explained. “It gives them the appearance of being not just independent of each other but also of being suspended, or floating.”
This latticework of shingled glass, the architect continued, “extends past the building’s perimeters in a gesture we call ‘flybys.’ It brings the building in harmony with surrounding structures.” The hodgepodge of adjacent architecture includes both nondescript buildings from the 1960s and 1970s and Indian architect Charles Correa’s McGovern Institute for Brain Research, completed in 2005.
The entrance is defined by parted “shingles.” (Dave Burk)
Another crowd-pleasing feature of the main facade, in addition to the glass, are two large V-shaped trusses. Koop explained that “the load above is transferred to a single point below. They are steel I-beams enclosed in polished stainless steel.”
Stadium-style seating allows for spontaneous gathering and study inside. (Dave Burk)
The interior mimics the transparency theme of its exterior. Science and study are “on display,” with glazed spaces that allow views of the work taking place within. A grand central stairway, as dramatic as one in an opera house, is made of light wood and has a vaguely Scandinavian feel. It leads up to a big lecture hall on the top floor. Along the way it is peppered with multiple nooks for seating and student–student or student–faculty interaction, including leather cushions.
Study spaces are located on the perimeter, inviting in sunlight. (Dave Burk)
MIT is renowned for its geek culture, but Koop noted a contradiction: “Despite all the talk of collaboration, it’s a very heads-down atmosphere,” Koop averred. “People like to be alone together. They put on their hooded sweatshirts and sit with their laptops, feeling no need to talk to anyone else. The interior design was driven by evidence of what students wanted.”
Schwarzman serves an important placemaking role as the institute expands beyond Vassar Street. “Historically, everything beyond [that] was a no-man’s-land,” Koop said. “Now Vassar is at the very heart of the campus, not its perimeter.” And there’s more to come—Diller Scofidio + Renfro is transforming the old Metropolitan Storage Warehouse, a massive redbrick building at the intersection of Vassar and Massachusetts Avenue, into the new MIT School of Architecture and Planning.
There is an emphasis on quiet spaces for focus. (Dave Burk)
Artificial intelligence will be one of the chief research initiatives taking place at Schwarzman. With all of its transparency, here MIT and SOM have created a powerful gesture of openness and accountability—a crucial perspective as AI technology advances in ways that are both exciting and foreboding.
“They wanted a building that came from classical principles of proportion, symmetry, and transparency,” Koop concluded. “Furthermore, one that would function for the kind of research they wanted to do and that was going to be a contributor to the street. They didn’t want something closed off or dystopian. That’s just not the way MIT is now.”
SOM’s 30th Street Station Redevelopment in Philadelphia Breaks Ground
Courtesy of SOM
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This month, Skidmore, Owings, and Merril’s (SOM) $550 million William H. Gray III 30th Street Station broke ground in Philidelphia. Initially proposed in 2016, the scheme involves a new mixed-use urban district with an emphasis on transit for the 30th Street Station Precinct. Boasting a vibrant public realm, the initial phase of the plan focuses extensively on renovating the historic station. Designed in collaboration with Gilbane, Amtrak, Plenary, Vantage, and Johnson Controls, the overarching goal is to position the station for sustained growth over the next five decades and enhance the travel experience for millions of annual visitors.
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The project encompasses the most significant revitalization initiative for the iconic 30th Street Station since 1991. Originally completed by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1933, the landmark stands as a testament to Beaux-Arts architecture, holding a significant place in Philadelphia’s civic landscape. SOM is aiming to modernize and expand the rail hub’s retail offerings, upgrade its infrastructure, expand and fully pedestrianize its outdoor spaces, and consolidate Amtrak’s offices within the building’s upper levels.
Courtesy of SOM
The scheme aims to connect Center City and University City, creating an inclusive, transportation-centric district. Integral to achieving this connectivity is transforming Market Street Plaza, a vital public space south of the station. The redesigned plaza will extend the popular Porch at 30th Street Station along Market Street, replacing vehicular access with a blend of hardscape and greenery while preserving emergency vehicle access. A new glass canopy next to the Market Street entrance will shield the area from the elements and promote a seamless indoor and outdoor flow. The project aims to create a vibrant public area suitable for neighborhood get-togethers and events, featuring improved accessibility and safety elements.
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One of the main goals of the reconstruction plan is to make 30th Street Station more accessible and easier to use. For increased convenience, customer service locations that were previously dispersed over the station will be combined onto the north concourse. The building’s historic aesthetic will be incorporated into architectural interventions, such as glass-clad pavilions, that will lead travelers while maintaining the building’s identity. The scheme boasts the introduction of a Metropolitan Lounge, which is modeled after amenities found at New York’s Moynihan Train Hall. Located above the north waiting area, the lounge will provide various services catered to multiple traveler requirements while adhering to the station’s design aesthetic. Additionally, the station’s upper floors will be renovated as part of the reconstruction for Amtrak’s engineering offices. The design incorporates contemporary working amenities while maintaining the building’s architectural integrity.
Courtesy of SOMCourtesy of SOM
The project is set to be executed in phases, with retail and plaza enhancements expected to be completed by 2025 and 2026, followed by the remaining renovations by 2027. In similar recent news, SOM has completed the restoration works for Lever House, one of New York’s Modernist landmarks. Additionally, the studio was selected to design the New York Climate Exchange, a public research institute in New York. The new net-zero campus is planned to serve as an anchor institution for the development of new climate solutions. Finally, SOM’s new American Buddhist Cultural Society Temple, also known as the San Bao Temple, has broken ground in San Francisco, California
Nestled along the coast of Southern California, San Diego has emerged as a vibrant hub for architectural innovation, shaped by the confluence of different cultures, from its early Spanish colonial heritage to the cutting-edge modernist masterpieces that define its urban fabric. For this reason, the city was chosen as one half of the World Design Capital 2024, alongside its cross-border counterpart, Tijuana, celebrating the intercultural collaborations and influences of the two cities.
Throughout history, San Diego has been a canvas for visionary architects who have left enduring legacies on its built environment. From iconic landmarks like the Geisel Library and the Salk Institute to the dynamic spaces of the San Diego Central Library and the Rady Shell at Jacobs Park, each piece of architecture reveals hidden aspects of the layered history and the spirit of exploration of San Diego.
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Read on to discover 12 of San Diego’s architectural attractions, from the iconic Geisel Library to Louis Kahn’s awe-inspiring Salk Institute, and beyond.
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Geisel Library / William L. Pereira & Associates
Geisel Library / William L. Pereira & Associates. Image Courtesy of University of California San Diego